12/11/2019

铁尔梅兹

铁尔梅兹又译泰尔梅兹(乌兹别克语:Termiz,英语:Termez,俄语:Термез)是乌兹别克斯坦的苏尔汉河州(Surxondaryo Viloyati)首府,位于乌兹别克斯坦-阿富汗边境阿姆河口北岸,是乌兹别克斯坦与阿富汗两国之间的交通要道。泰尔梅兹土地肥沃,农业发达。

铁尔梅兹乌兹别克斯坦东南部城市,苏尔汉河州首府。在阿姆河右岸,苏尔汉河入口处,邻近阿富汗边境。人口6.6万(1985)。铁路要站。塔什干—铁尔梅兹干线公路的终点。河港。建有轧棉厂、肉类、奶品联合企业等。设有师范学院、地志博物馆。附近有古代城堡遗址。

中国古代文献中,《大唐西域记》称之为呾蜜国,《新唐书》称之为“怛满”、《元史》称之为忒耳迷、《明史》称之为迭里迷。

公元前3世纪时呾蜜被大夏管辖,1世纪至2世纪贵霜王朝时呾蜜是一个佛教中心。

唐贞观年间,高僧玄奘曾到此地,《大唐西域记》“顺缚刍河北下流至呾蜜国。呾蜜国。东西六百余里。南北四百余里。国大都城,周二十余里。东西长南北狭。伽蓝十余所。僧徒千余人……东至赤鄂衍那国”。说明在7世纪末,佛教在呾蜜仍旧流行。但在8世纪后呾蜜变为回教中心。

《新唐书》:“怛满,或曰怛没,东陀拔斯,南大食, 皆一月”。

1221年成吉思汗在忒耳迷渡阿姆河,遭受城中军民顽强抵抗,誓不投降,成吉思汗破城后下令屠城,忒耳迷被毁。

明永乐年间,吏部验封司员外郎陈诚出使帖木儿帝国,曾在迭里迷安营二日:“十五日,晴。早起,向南行,复向东,经大村,约行五十里,至一河边河,名阿木,有小舟七八个。东岸有城池,名迭里迷。于河岸上安营,住二日,过渡。”。帖木儿重建的新城,离旧城十多里,当时人口十分稀少,只有几百户人家:“迭里迷城在撒马儿罕之西南(应为南偏东),去哈烈二千余里,城临阿木河之东岸,依水崖而立,河水稍宽,无舟楫难渡通,稍略据险要。城之内外,居民数百家,孳畜蕃息,河水多鱼。旧城相去十余里,河东地隶撒马儿罕所辖。

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